4^th International Conference on Parasitology September 01-02, 2017 Prague, Czech Republic

Biography:

Françoise Debierre-Grockiego is teacher at the University of Tours (France) in the fields of parasitology and vaccine. She has more than 15 years experience in the study of the biological effects of glycosylphosphatidylinositols from protozoan parasites (Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi). Her knowledge is built on vaccine strategy developed by the team Antiparasitic Biopharmaceuticals experienced in vaccinating animals via nasal route and challenging animals with Toxoplasma or Neospora to evaluate vaccine efficacy against chronic and congenital infection, based on study of humoral and cellular immune responses.

Abstract:

Vaccines based on live attenuated parasites are associated with safety concerns related to reversion to pathogenic form or recombination with wild strains, are expensive, require a cold storage for delivery, are difficult to manufacture and have a short shelf life. Subunit vaccines are more stable and safer but they have lower efficiency. Optimal progress towards novel vaccines against intracellular apicomplexan parasites will depend on several factors such as selection of appropriate parasite antigens and optimal presentation of these antigens to the immune system, including identification of the best adjuvant formulation and route of vaccine administration. Due to the complexity of apicomplexan parasites, vaccine strategies must associate large panel of antigens and adjuvant able to better stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses than in natural infection. Toll-Like Receptors are expressed on numerous cells of the immune system and TLR agonists are promising adjuvants also in farm animals. Mucosal administration of vaccines, by mimicking natural route of infection, is an important approach to induce appropriate protective immune responses to microbial antigens in systemic sites and peripheral blood as well as in most mucosal environments.

Our team has demonstrated that maltodextrin/phospholipid nanoparticles sustain release of all soluble components of Toxoplasma gondii after nasal administration. This formulation led to protection against congenital toxoplasmosis in mice (70% reduction in parasite load) and chronic toxoplasmosis in ewes (no parasite detected) correlated with strong and long-lasting humoral and Th1/Th17 cellular responses (Dimier-Poisson et al. 2015, Ducournau et al. 2017, and unpublished data). We now apply this vaccine strategy against an emerging cause of abortion and infertility problems in cattle, neosporosis due to Neospora caninum. TLR ligands are added as adjuvant to reach sterilizing vaccine.

Biography:

Hee-Jeong Youn is professor of Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea. Major interesting research areas are the development of anti-protozoal drugs and the parasites for wild rodents and so on.

Abstract:

Eimeria tenella, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are the very important coccidial protozoa in domestic animals and poultry. In order to develop the anti-coccidial drugs, the extracts of 15 medicinal herbs were screeningly evaluated the anti-coccidial efficacies against E. tenella. Sophora flavescens (S. flavescens), Pulsatilla koreana, Sinomenium acutum, Ulmus macrocarpa and Torillis japonica (T. japonica)  were the more effective anti-coccidial activities than the other herbs against E. tenella. These five herbs were re-evaluated the anti-protozoal activities against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and Neospora caninum (N. caninum). S. flavescens and T. japonica were the more effective anti-protozoal activities than the other herbs against T. gondii and N. caninum.

S. flavescens and T. japonica were evaluated anti-protozoal efficacy of medicinal herb extracts in cell culture. These herbs extracts were fractionated by use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nine HPLC fractions from herb extracts of S. flavescens and T. japonica were evaluated the anti-neosporal efficacy against T. gondii and N. caninum, and we found 6 fractions (4 fractions of S. flavescens, 2 fractions of T. japonica) which showed good anti-neosporal efficacy in this study.

In the second test, to characterize the chemical components associated with anti-neosporal activity, specific fractions were isolated by HPLC. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was then performed to certify the components and to determine their amount in the herb extracts, and these fractions were evaluated in vitro against N. caninum. To determine the ability of each fraction to inhibit parasite proliferation, ³H-uracil incorporation was used to determine parasite replication. Four fracions (3 fractions of S. flavesens, 1 fraction of T. japonica) showed high anti-protozoal efficacy for N. caninum. The constituents of the herb extracts (T. japonica and S. flavescens) were Sophoridane(2), Matridin-15-one(CAS, 1), Furosardonin A(1), Tetraisopropylidene -cyclobutanee, 5,17,beta-Dihydroxy-de-A-Estra-5,7,9,14-Tetraene (1), Furanodiene (1), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-(CAS, 1).

We tested these herbal HPLC fractions in mice, Korean native goats and dogs to determine anti-neosporal efficacy. In this study, we infected Korean isolate of Neospora (KBA-2) to mice, pregnant goats and suckling dogs and we evaluated anti-neosporal efficacy of HPLC fractions of herb extracts (S. flavescens, T. japonica). The mouse which was treated with high dose of S. flavescens (7.125ng/㎖) and T. japonica (7.125ng/㎖) showed improved survival rate to 25% and 41.7%, respectively and showed decreased brain lesion score to 1.81 and 2.23, respectively. In this experiment, the extracts of S. flavesens and T. japonica showed good efficacy in protection of Neospora, and improved survival rates in mice. We could find out that S. flavesens and T. japonica could delay abortion days in pregnant goats but it could not prohibit Neospora infection or treat Neosporosis. 

Biography:

Dr. Artem Rogovskyy is a faculty at the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, USA. Dr. Rogovskyy came to Texas A&M University following extensive research training at the master’s level at Louisiana State University, followed by mentored research at the University of Georgia, and then PhD from Washington State University. In addition to his teaching commitment, Dr. Rogovskyy runs his research laboratory and serves as an Associate Director of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Dr. Rogovskyy is American College of Veterinary Microbiologists-board certified microbiologist. 

Abstract:

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is caused by tick-borne spirochetes of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex (Bb) transmitted by Ixodes ricinus ticks in Europe. As in the United States, LB is of great public health concern in Europe with the Bb prevalence in Ixodes ticks ranging from 6.2% in Poland, 9.4% in Belarus, 11% in Lithuania to up to 40.7% in Russia. LB is currently the most prevalent vector-borne illness in Ukraine.  During the period of 2000-2010, 4,597 cases were reported. The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and diversity of Bb pathogens in I. ricinus ticks collected in Kyiv and Chernobyl cities of Ukraine. It was hypothesized that a potential difference in Bb prevalence and diversity of Bb species may exist in the ticks collected from the two different urban ecosystems. As a result of nuclear meltdown, the uninhabited Chernobyl region has been directly exposed to ionizing radiation for over 30 years. On the other hand, Kyiv, the most densely populated megapolis of Ukraine was exposed to radiation at a much lower degree. Questing I. ricinus ticks were collected via flagging from eight recreational areas in Kyiv and within the 10- and 30-kilometer Chernobyl Exclusion Zones (CEZ). A total of 587 and 372 I. ricinus ticks were collected in Kyiv and CEZ, respectively. In our study, collected ticks were subjected to real-time and nested PCR analysis. Resulting amplicons were sequenced to determine Bb genospecies. Our preliminary results reveal that 11.5% and 22.5% of I. ricinus ticks in Kyiv and CEZ, respectively, were positive for Bb DNA. B. afzelii, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, and B. garinii were the three genospecies detected in ticks. Overall, the present study provides the most current data on the diversity and prevalence of Bb spirochetes in the two cities of Ukraine.

Biography:

Dr. Ikuo Igarashi is currently a Professor at the National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Japan and an OIE expert for equine piroplasmosis and bovine babsiosis. He has been done researches on the in vitro cultivation of Babesia and Theileria and its application for drug screening. In addition, he is investigating the molecular mechanisms of invasion and multiplication of Babesia parasites in red blood cells and the development of highly specific and sensitive serological and molecular diagnostic assays. He has published more than 250 parasitology papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals, book chapters, and patents. He has been also serving as a member of the Editorial Advisory Board for Veterinary Parasitology since 2005 and an Academic Editor of PLoS ONE from 2012 to 2015. He is currently a Co-Editor-in-Chief for Veterinary Parasitology.

Abstract:

In the present study, we evaluated the growth-inhibitory effects of clofazimine, currently used for treating leprosy, against Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi, and Theileria equi in vitro culture, and B. microti in mice. The IC₅₀ values of clofazimine against the in vitro growth of B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi, and T. equi were 4.5, 3, 4.3, and 0.29 μM, respectively. In mice infected with B. microti, treatment with oral administration of 20 mg/kg clofazimine resulted in a significant lower peak parasitemia (5.3%) as compared to a control group (45.9%), which was comparable to subcutaneous administration of 25 mg/kg diminazene aceturate. However, the growth of parasites was observed in mice after blood transfusions from clofazimine-treated mice on day 40 post-infection when parasites were not found in the blood smears. These results suggest that clofazimine has excellent inhibitory effects against Babesia and Theileria in vitro and in vivo, but it could not completely eliminate parasites in the host. Therefore, we evaluated the combination treatment with clofazimine and diminazene aceturate against piroplasms both in vitro and in vivo for the development of a novel chemotherapy with high efficacy and safety against animal piroplasmosis. The clofazimine-diminazene aceturate combination showed to have additive or synergistic effects on in vitro growths of Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi, and Theileria equi. The lower dosages of clofazimine-diminazene aceturate combination showed to have a higher chemotherapeutic efficacy against B. microti in mice as compared to clofazimine or diminazene aceturate monotherapy. B. microti was not detected in blood, brain, spleen, and heart DNA samples by PCR from combination therapy on day 51 post infection. Furthermore, the parasite did not grow in blood-transfused mice from combination therapy groups. All results suggest that the clofazimine-diminazene aceturate combination chemotherapy will be a better choice to treat animal piroplasmosis instead of diminazene aceturate monochemotherapy. 

Biography:

I have been the head of Department of Genetics (University of Szczecin, Poland) since 1998. The main scope of my studies concerns molecular biology of pathogens transferred by ticks (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Babesia sp., Anaplasma sp., Rickettsia sp., Toxoplasma gondii). I have lectures and seminars for students of Biology, Biotechnology and Microbiology. I have been the member of Editorial Board of Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, member of honour of Associazione Nazionale di Parasstologia Medica (Italy) since 1995, member of International Society of Evolutionary Protistology (Rockefeller University, New York, USA) since 1999, member of Polish Genetic Society since and member of Polish Parasitological Society since 1978. I am the author of one monograph and author or coauthor of many (more than 120) publications (Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, European Journal of Wildlife Research, Journal of Parasitology, Scandinavian  Journal of Infectious Diseases; Infections, genetics and evolution; Acta Veterinaria Brno, Experimental and Applied Acarology, Ticks and Tick Borne Diseases, Folia Biologica).

Abstract:

Ixodes ricinus as a blood-sucking tick uses many of wild and domestic animal species as hosts. Almost each of Toxoplasma gondii intermediate host may serve as a source of blood for each tick stage. In  this  way,  an  infected  tick  may take part in the spread of T. gondii in the environment through the transmission of this parasite between  different host species. In this way, ticks may increase the number of infected specimens among hosts populations.

How Ixodes ricinus takes part in the life cycle of T. gondii ?

I. ricinus takes part in the life cycle of T. gondii as a mechanical or even biological vector. Even though the tick does not transmit T. gondii to  other  host  mammals,  it may take infection from them after  molting and increases  populations of infected ticks. The mammalian hosts digest infected ticks and in this way T. gondii is transmitted, what explains  herbivorous  infection,  rodents  and  birds infection. In this case, ticks do not transmit T. gondii to other  hosts  but  serve  as  reservoir  host  for T. gondii,  however  it  requires  more  studies. 

Ixodes ricinus may help to explain the wide spread  of  this  parasite

Toxoplasmosis is globally distributed, water- and food borne zoonosis caused by that single protozoan and probably one-third of the world’s human population is infected with this pathogen. Human as other of the intermediate hosts may become infected in the main route of infection; it is the ingestion of parasite oocysts in contaminated water or soil and undercooked meat. However, the mechanism which this parasite uses to so large spread is not fully understood, because oral transmission does not explain the common event of this parasite in a variety of hosts. Thus, ticks may help to explain the wide spread  of  this  parasite  in  almost  all  geographical areas and warm blooded animals, but there is need to establish whether they are an important infection source for toxoplasmosis.

Our study

We examined 1737 feeding  I.  ricinus  ticks collected  from  49  Shetland ponies (Imno Stud, Poland) and 371 questing ticks using B1 gene based PCR and sequencing of positive samples for genotyping of T. gondii. T.  gondii  genotype  I  pathogenic for humans was  detected in  4.5%  of  all  I.  ricinus,  including  in  2.99%  of  feeding  ticks  and  in  10.24%  of  questing  ticks and the difference was statistically  significant. Our  results  confirmed  the  presence  of  T.  gondii  in  I. ricinus  and  showed  a  new  geographical  habitat  of  T.  gondii  occurring  in  I.  ricinus  ticks  in  Poland.

Biography:

M. Gonzalez Ronquillo, Doctor in Veterinary Medicine at the Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain. FAO Voluntary in AGA division, Rome Italy, and Fulbright in the US Dairy Forage Research, I worked with natural extracts as antihelmintics properties, ruminant nutrition and Curve lactation models in small ruminants.

Abstract:

Parasites infections of commercially livestock farms are responsible for economic loses. To combat these effects, most farms administer anthelmintics to their animals at frequent intervals, and without consideration to principles of sustainable integrated parasite management (SIPM). On another hand the use of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Salix babylonica is well know spice with also anti-microbial and anti-parasitical properties. The objectives of this research were to characterize levels of anthelmintic resistance on goats’ and to compare the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and percentage of larval development for detecting resistance. To achieve these objectives, nine goats were allocated in each one of the three treatments, the FECR efficacy was used to evaluate resistance status to calcium soaps (CS) performed with Salix babylonica extract (CSalix 5 % diet), CS performed with garlic (CGarlic 5 % diet) and control (Ctrl) as a natural desparasitant over a 28 days period. Faecal samples were collected rectally from all animals weekly (0, 14, 21 and 28 days). Mixed model was used to evaluate the effect of anthelmintic product on body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), BW change (BWC), faecal egg count (FEC), and efficacy (PROCMIXED, SAS). Results (Table 1) of the FEC indicated a reduction (P<0.003) and efficiency (P<0.001) to CSalix on 67 % and CGarlic 66 % compared with the control treatment. The use of calcium soaps in the diet adding Garlic or Salix babylonica is a viable option to reduce gastrointestinal parasites in goats without compromise the animal health and environmental equilibrium.

Biography:

Kálmán IMRE has the most important scientific achievements in the study of the genus Cryptosporidium. His research activity covers a wide variety of epidemiologic surveys and diagnostic methods including microscopic, immunologic and molecular tools. Mainly, the investigations were focused to environmental biology of Cryptosporidium species, molecular epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of cryptosporidiosis in farm animals and humans from western Romania, with important contributions to the understandings of the complex puzzle of this zoonotic disease.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. are considered two important waterborne parasites. Their detection in the aquatic environment can be achieved by different methods, each one exhibiting advantages and disadvantages. The aim of the present investigation was to compare the Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts water detection efficiency of the immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in order to bring contribution in the developing and/or improvement of effective identification methods in monitoring of water hygiene for both pathogens. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: One hundred forty different types of water samples (sewage, river, brook, lake, pond, collector channel) were collected through microfiber filtration, concentrated according to USEPA 1623 protocol and examined for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. through immunofluorescence microscopy and PCR techniques. Findings: Giardia cysts were microscopically detected in 48 (34.3%) samples, while the parasite DNA was recorded in 37 (26.4%) samples. Seven (5.0%) samples showed microscopically positive results for Cryptosporidium oocysts, and the protozoa DNA was isolated from 5 (3.8%) samples. Some of the microscopically positive samples showed negative PCR results and vice-versa, such that the Cohen’s kappa index values, used to measure the degree of agreement between methods, were calculated as being 0.514 for Giardia and 0.826 for Cryptosporidium. Conclusion & Significance: The used methods can be considered effective diagnostic techniques in water detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium (oo)cysts, and their complementary usage offer a promising tool in the monitoring of aquatic environment pollution for both pathogens.

Acknowledgements: This work was supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNCS – UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-RU-TE-2014-4-1300.

Biography:

Asha Hassan is in the final stages of completing her Doctorate in Immunology at the University of Nottingham. She is an individual with an extreme passion for humanitarian aid, particularly within the promotion of human welfare to eliminate vaccine preventable infectious diseases, in countries with poor public health provisions. Her Ph.D. research focus is the epidemiology of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD’s), particularly Necator americanus, with a focus on the rational design of an innovative and more efficient intervention strategy against vaccine preventable 

Abstract:

Despite the profound health implications of Necator americanus (N. americanus) infection in humans, many aspects of its interaction with the host immune system are poorly understood. In this context, we studied the direct effects of N. americanus larvae (L3) on the phenotype and function of human dendritic cells (DCs).

For the first time our data show that L3 N.americanus larvae exsheathed in the presence of DCs while DCs formed aggregates around the discarded sheath but had negligible interaction with the emerging larvae, alluding to a disparity between the surface chemistry of the larval sheath and its cuticle. Our data also suggest that the interaction between DCs and larvae is likely to be mediated via C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) as evidenced by an inhibition in the formation of DC aggregates around the larvae cuticle after blocking DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin) and MR (mannose receptor).

Additionally, DCs incubated with viable axenic larvae exhibited an immature phenotype as evidenced by the low expression of the maturation markers CD80, CD83, CD86, CD40, and HLA-DR. However, DCs maintained their ability to acquire a mature phenotype in response to LPS. Cytokine expression by DCs stimulated with the larvae was comparable to untreated DC, with a statistical significance in contrast to LPS treated DCs (p≤0.029 IL-6, 8 and 10). DC co-stimulated with LPS and N. americanus exhibited an overall suppression of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12) compared to DCs stimulated with LPS only (p value ≤0.3). The results were not compromised due to DCs viability.

These data provide new insights into early immunological events at the interface of DCs and N. americanus larvae and could explain how L3 evade immunity upon initial interaction with antigen presenting cells. 

Biography:

Main parasitologist, head of parasitological department of LLC AcroVetLab.In 2004-2010 studied in National agricultural University (later was renamed to National University of Life and Environmental Sciences Of Ukraine ) at faculty of veterinary medicine where he received a specialty of a veterinary medicine doctor. During 2010 woked in State Scientific Control Institute of Biotechnology and Microorganisms of Ukraine as leading veterinary medicine doctor. In 2011-2013  became a postgraduate student at parasitological department of faculty of veterinary medicine NULES of Ukraine. Sphere of scientific interest was mixed invasions of goats in the conditions of farms of Ukraine. Since 2014 year work at LLC ACROVetLab. Sphere of scientific interest is parasites culture development and standardization, screening of test substances, pre-clinical and clinical studies. He has up to 10 scientific publications and two authorship certificates.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem:According to the classification of types of thermogenesis (Prat H., 1954), fleas are inherent in a complex RT-type paroxysm that is formed out of a calm (base) R-type thermogenesis with intermittent spikes of (active) T-thermo emission. Microcalorimetry allows us to study the influence of environmental temperature on the dynamics of metabolism of insects.

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation:

A differential conductive microcalorimeter with a heat coupling of intermediate type designed in Shevchenko National University of Kiev was used to carry out the series of experiments. Input sensitivity was set to 0.5 mW/mm of scale, time resolution – 30 seconds.

The studies were conducted on groups of 10 imago X. Cheopis, in an insulated 2 cubic centimeter capsule during 2-3 days at 8 to 30 degrees centigrade.

Findings and Conclusions:

The analysis of experimental results shows that the average strength of thermo emission increases as  mW/g. The specific strength of active thermo emission of fleas is an average of 24% of the level of mail thermogenesis at 8 to 10 degrees centigrade, and 84% at 25 to 30 degrees centigrade accordingly. A growth of the level of a heat produced by fleas with rising environmental temperature indicates an increase in their motor activity and maintaining the viability.

Biography:

Hoda saady mohamadin  is an Associate Professor of Parasitology, South valley  University, Egypt. Dr Saady received her doctorate in Parasitoogy  from Egyptian University. Her recent publications includes:

1- Light and scanning electron microscopy on  Serrasentis  sagittifer, Linton, 1889 (Acanthocephal:Palaeacanthcephala : Rhadinorhynchidae ) infecting the common sea Bream in Egypt. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol  45 (1).21-26

2- Pelopscreadium aegyptense n. gen., n. sp. and Pelopscreadium spongiosum (Bray & Cribb, 1998) n. comb., (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae), each from disjunct populations of the Yellow boxfish, Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus (Ostraciidae). Zootaxa 4127 (3): 567–578.

 Her research focuses of helminth parasitic in vertebrates in Egypt and the work focuses on two trends:-

1-    Diversity and taxonomic studies of helminth parasites

2-    Host parasite relationship.  

Abstract:

Siganus rivuatus, Siganus  luridu and  Siganus  sutor are common  fishes in the red sea. In our study and during a survey of red sea fish parasites ( exactly in the region of  Northern Red Sea, Of Sharm El-Naga, Makadi Bay, Southern Hurghada, Egypt.) 94 fishes were examined  (70 Siganus rivuatus, 8 Siganus luridu and 16 Siganus  sutor ) by routine Parasitology methods. 48 out of 94 fish were found to be naturally infected by Hexangium sigani Goto &Ozaki,1929 (44 Siganus rivuatus, 2 Siganus luridu and 2 Siganus  sutor ) .The encountered parasites were described morphologically and morphometrically by means of light and scanning electron microscopy The previous comparison among all described forms of H. sigani revealed some morphological variations confined between; absence or presence of tegumental spines, testes arrangement and larger or smaller of body dimensions and ovary size. these differences are considered to be of minor importance. The present study using SEM revealed presence of one main tegumental structures, sensory papillae, which are differentiated into three forms; oral papillae, genital papillae and body papillae. Each form exhibited a moderately wide range of variations both in size and in distribution. The presence of different types of sensory papillae on different locations over body tegument of H. sigani may reflect a variation in the functions they performed .  SEM study of this parasite was done for the first time in Egypt with addition of many ultrastructural details; most of which are of taxonomical importance. Also, for the first time, Siganus luridus represened a new hos record of H. sigani .                                                                                       

Keywords:  Trematoda, Microscaphidiidae , Hexangium sigani Goto &Ozaki,1929  , Siganus spp.  Red Sea Fishes.

Biography:

Al-Saeed is professor in Molecular Parasitology.He has his expertise in teaching the medical parasitology undergraduate and post graduate students for more than 30 years. He was supervised on M.Sc. and Ph.D. students for 15 years ago. 

Abstract:

The study was performed to detect the oocytes of Cryptosporidium in children in Duhok city/Kurdistan region of Iraq by examining 332 stool samples of children using Modified Ziehl Neelsen Method (MZNM). A total of 122 stool samples from children were randomly chosen were examined to detect Cryptosporidium by ELISA and conventional PCR test.

By MZNM, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocytes was 66.95% in children; 44.68% in Immunocompromised (ICM) and 22.27% in Immunocompetent (ICT) children.

Among ICT children, the prevalence rate was highest among less than one year of age (39.34%) in diarrheic group, while in non-diarrheic group, the prevalence rate was highest among 1-4 years age (28.57%). Among ICM children, the relations were non-significant among ages.  Out of the 122 stool samples of children of which 26 (21.31%), 30 (24.59%) and 48 (39.34%) were positive by MZNM, ELISA and PCR, respectively.

In diarrheic children, the highest prevalence rate was among those who were less than one year old by MZNM and ELISA, while it was among 9-12 years old by PCR. In non-diarrheic children the highest prevalence rate was among less than one year old by MZNM and ELISA, while it was among 1-4 years by PCR. This study indicates that asymptomatic infection is common and could be detected by PCR among different age groups of children. In present study, the results of sequences analyzing of PCR products; showed identical to the Cryptosporidium sequences in the GenBank, therefore PCR can be used as a specific and sensitive tool for diagnosis of Cryptosporidium. In this study, ELISA was more sensitive and specific than MZNM which were 82.5% and 90.91% respectively. Also PCR was more sensitive and specific than MZNM which were 97.5% and 73.82% respectively.

Biography:

Al-Saeed is professor in Molecular Parasitology.He has his expertise in teaching the medical parasitology undergraduate and post graduate students for more than 30 years. He was supervised on M.Sc. and Ph.D. students for 15 years ago. 

Abstract:

The study was performed to detect the oocytes of Cryptosporidium in children in Duhok city/Kurdistan region of Iraq by examining 332 stool samples of children using Modified Ziehl Neelsen Method (MZNM). A total of 122 stool samples from children were randomly chosen were examined to detect Cryptosporidium by ELISA and conventional PCR test.

By MZNM, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocytes was 66.95% in children; 44.68% in Immunocompromised (ICM) and 22.27% in Immunocompetent (ICT) children.

Among ICT children, the prevalence rate was highest among less than one year of age (39.34%) in diarrheic group, while in non-diarrheic group, the prevalence rate was highest among 1-4 years age (28.57%). Among ICM children, the relations were non-significant among ages.  Out of the 122 stool samples of children of which 26 (21.31%), 30 (24.59%) and 48 (39.34%) were positive by MZNM, ELISA and PCR, respectively.

In diarrheic children, the highest prevalence rate was among those who were less than one year old by MZNM and ELISA, while it was among 9-12 years old by PCR. In non-diarrheic children the highest prevalence rate was among less than one year old by MZNM and ELISA, while it was among 1-4 years by PCR. This study indicates that asymptomatic infection is common and could be detected by PCR among different age groups of children. In present study, the results of sequences analyzing of PCR products; showed identical to the Cryptosporidium sequences in the GenBank, therefore PCR can be used as a specific and sensitive tool for diagnosis of Cryptosporidium. In this study, ELISA was more sensitive and specific than MZNM which were 82.5% and 90.91% respectively. Also PCR was more sensitive and specific than MZNM which were 97.5% and 73.82% respectively.

Biography:

Nongyao Sawangjaroen has her expertise in medical protozoalogy. Her researches include several studies on Thai medicinal plant against intestinal protozoa. The seroprevalence and molecular genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in Thailand are also extensively investigated. 

Abstract:

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite infected humans and animals worldwide. Revealed from many studies indicated that causes of Toxoplasma infections were mainly due to direct contact with cats or eating foods contaminated with infectious oocysts shedding from cat feces. Each genotype of Toxoplasma, which classified into three dominant lineages (type I, II and III), caused different virulence in mice. Genotyping of T. gondii strains both in humans and animals has never been reported from Thailand. Therefore, this study aims to determine the genotype of T. gondii isolated from domestic cats in Southern Thailand. A total of 334 cat feces were screened for coccidian oocysts by microscopic examination and PCR assays targeted the 529 bp repeat element and internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) regions were used to identify T. gondii. PCR-RFLP of five locus of T. gondii was performed to classify the genotypic characteristics. Under light microscopy, 18% (60/334) of coccidian oocysts were found. PCR analysis revealed 0.6% (2/334) and 5.1% (17/334) of cat feces positive by Tox and ITS-1 primers, respectively. The BLAST results of 16 ITS-1 sequences were identified as T. gondii (3.6%; 12/344) and H. hammondi (1.2%; 4/334). The PCR-RFLP patterns of SAG1, SAG2-new, SAG3, BTUB and GRA6 markers were able to amplify 8/13 (61.5%) of T. gondii isolates and resulted in five diverse genotypes: the type I (one isolate), type III (two isolates), type II or type III (one isolate), recombinant genotypes (two isolates) and atypical genotypes (two isolates). The presence of unusual genotypes may lead to new virulent traits associated with more severe forms of human Toxoplasma infections. This is the first report of genotypic characteristics of T. gondii isolated from naturally infected animals in Thailand. These findings still need more evaluation before conclude whether the oocysts from Thai domestic cat play an importance role in severity of toxoplasmosis.

Biography:

Sena Bayissa Disassa has completed her BSc in Applied Biology from Ambo University and also completed MSc in Medical Parasitology from Black Lion College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. She has worked as Lecturer and Researcher in Mekelle University since 2012. She has published one paper in reputed journals and has been serving as an IRB (Institutional Review Board) Member of Biomedical Department in Mekelle University, Ethiopia. 

Abstract:

Result: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of the SD Bioline were 90.7%, 96%, 91.7%, and 96.4%, respectively taking microscopy as a gold standard. Prevalence of malaria cases were 12.9% (6156 /47, 848) reported in the seven year period considered by this study.

Conclusion: SD Bioline FK80 P. falciparum / P. vivax were performed satisfactorily for the diagnosis of P. falciparum and P. vivax infections. The case P. vivax was more dominant than P. falciparum in the area. Generally the trends of malaria from 2007 was increasing and become peak in 2011.

Key word: Malaria, RDT( SD Bioline FK80), Adama malaria center.