Heejeong Youn
Seoul National University, South Korea
Title: Summary of Evaluation of Anti-Protozoal Efficacy from Medicinal Herbs Extracts against Eimeria tenella, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum
Biography
Biography: Heejeong Youn
Abstract
Eimeria tenella, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are the very important coccidial protozoa in domestic animals and poultry. In order to develop the anti-coccidial drugs, the extracts of 15 medicinal herbs were screeningly evaluated the anti-coccidial efficacies against E. tenella. Sophora flavescens (S. flavescens), Pulsatilla koreana, Sinomenium acutum, Ulmus macrocarpa and Torillis japonica (T. japonica) were the more effective anti-coccidial activities than the other herbs against E. tenella. These five herbs were re-evaluated the anti-protozoal activities against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and Neospora caninum (N. caninum). S. flavescens and T. japonica were the more effective anti-protozoal activities than the other herbs against T. gondii and N. caninum.
S. flavescens and T. japonica were evaluated anti-protozoal efficacy of medicinal herb extracts in cell culture. These herbs extracts were fractionated by use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nine HPLC fractions from herb extracts of S. flavescens and T. japonica were evaluated the anti-neosporal efficacy against T. gondii and N. caninum, and we found 6 fractions (4 fractions of S. flavescens, 2 fractions of T. japonica) which showed good anti-neosporal efficacy in this study.
In the second test, to characterize the chemical components associated with anti-neosporal activity, specific fractions were isolated by HPLC. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was then performed to certify the components and to determine their amount in the herb extracts, and these fractions were evaluated in vitro against N. caninum. To determine the ability of each fraction to inhibit parasite proliferation, 3H-uracil incorporation was used to determine parasite replication. Four fracions (3 fractions of S. flavesens, 1 fraction of T. japonica) showed high anti-protozoal efficacy for N. caninum. The constituents of the herb extracts (T. japonica and S. flavescens) were Sophoridane(2), Matridin-15-one(CAS, 1), Furosardonin A(1), Tetraisopropylidene -cyclobutanee, 5,17,beta-Dihydroxy-de-A-Estra-5,7,9,14-Tetraene (1), Furanodiene (1), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-(CAS, 1).
We tested these herbal HPLC fractions in mice, Korean native goats and dogs to determine anti-neosporal efficacy. In this study, we infected Korean isolate of Neospora (KBA-2) to mice, pregnant goats and suckling dogs and we evaluated anti-neosporal efficacy of HPLC fractions of herb extracts (S. flavescens, T. japonica). The mouse which was treated with high dose of S. flavescens (7.125ng/㎖) and T. japonica (7.125ng/㎖) showed improved survival rate to 25% and 41.7%, respectively and showed decreased brain lesion score to 1.81 and 2.23, respectively. In this experiment, the extracts of S. flavesens and T. japonica showed good efficacy in protection of Neospora, and improved survival rates in mice. We could find out that S. flavesens and T. japonica could delay abortion days in pregnant goats but it could not prohibit Neospora infection or treat Neosporosis.