Parasitology, Microbiology and Infection Control

Animal Associations

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Animals have constant interaction with different organisms. The interactions will be classified into 2 types:

1. Intra-specific interactions

2. Inter-specific interactions

Intra-specific interactions occur between organisms of same species.

They range between comparatively loose associations between members of flock of speed, to extremely advanced interactions seen in colonial invertebrates. E.g.: Bryozoans.

Inter-specific interactions occur between completely different species of organisms. The degrees of association will bevariable between being very loose to extremely advanced.